One can make outstanding rosé by mixing red and white grapes, but that is not the same thing as mixing red and white wine. Based on process, rosé is made (with an exception to be described below) just as a white wine: fermenting only the juice of a grape, not the skins. Fermentation in this instance is what happens when yeast consumes the sugars in the must (defined as the juice or juice/skins - possibly stems, too, whatever is being fermented)). Red wines are made by fermenting juice and skin of grapes. A wine's color primarily comes from the skins. Most 'red' or 'black' grapes used for wine have dark skins, but clear flesh. If you press them quickly and remove the skins, you'll have white juice (blanc de noirs, in French wine terms). To make a rosé, vintners typically take red grapes, press them gently, and let the juice and skins macerate together for a short time in order for some of the pigments from skin tint the still unfermented juice. When the winemaker decides there is enough color, he/she/they removes the skins and then ferments the now pink juice. Just like white wines, there is no fermentation on the skins. It should be added that many white wines are made with some amount of pre-fermentation skin contact, too, since the winemaker might want to extract some aromatic or structural elements from the skins. Since 'white' grapes don't have dark color, this extraction does not significantly change the color of the unfermented juice or must. A winemaker might decided that the rosé might be improved by blending some unfermented juice from white grapes to the must, or, perhaps, blend the fermented pink juice (now wine), with other fermented white juice, again, wine. Understand, the pink wine (rosé) is not red wine. It is made just like white wine - especially those white wines made by some pre-fermentation skin contact as described above. This blending is not at all a cheat. Some of the finest rosé wines are made that way, including the most expensive still rosé on the market, Gérard Bertrand's Clos du Temple, made from Grenache, Cinsault, Syrah, Mourvèdre, and Viognier, the latter being a white grape, retails for $190/bottle. A great number of far less expensive rosés are made similarly.
So, about the exception: sparkling rosé wine can be made by blending a little red wine into white. The reason for this might be chalked up to historical precedence as well problems getting red grapes properly ripe in the Champagne region of northern France, but also since most quality sparkling wine is made by a process of double fermentation. That is, a base, still wine is made that is then put into bottles with a little yeast and a little sugar, then sealed by using a crown cap (a soda bottle cap). The yeast consumes the sugar, creating the by-products of alcohol (not much, since there isn't much sugar) and carbon dioxide, which creates the bubbles. A good deal of this base wine is in fact made from red grapes like Pinot Noir and Pinot Meunier, which are pressed quickly with skins immediately removed, often blended with Chardonnay, in order to make white sparkling wine. However, it is permissible to add a quantity of still red wine (made by fermenting on the skins) to the white base wine, before it goes into bottles for secondary fermentation. Since fermentation will, in fact, be achieved now, without skin contact, the resulting bubbly rosé passes muster. Truth be told, no one cares about the rationalization, they just do it that way. The influence that the Champagne region has on the broader world of sparkling wines has meant that the practice of coloring the otherwise white base wine with red wine has spread to them, as well.
The prohibition against blending red and white wine for rosé, by the way, is pretty much a European thing. You can do it in the US, but I don't know any quality producers who do so. Surely, a lot of the cheap stuff is made that way, basically because the needs of production for huge volumes of wine that doesn't have to be all that good require flexibility.
By the way, it has become fashionable in the past decade or so (though the practice is thousands of years old), to ferment white grapes on their skins, too, essentially making a red wine from white grapes. Well, sort of. What do you get when you mix red with yellow (which is the actual color of most ripe white wine grapes)? Orange. Hence, what are
One can make outstanding rosé by mixing red and white grapes, but that is not the same thing as mixing red and white wine. Based on process, rosé is made (with an exception to be described below) just as a white wine: fermenting only the juice of a grape, not the skins. Fermentation in this instance is what happens when yeast consumes the sugars in the must (defined as the juice or juice/skins - possibly stems, too, whatever is being fermented)). Red wines are made by fermenting juice and skin of grapes. A wine's color primarily comes from the skins. Most 'red' or 'black' grapes used for wine have dark skins, but clear flesh. If you press them quickly and remove the skins, you'll have white juice (blanc de noirs, in French wine terms). To make a rosé, vintners typically take red grapes, press them gently, and let the juice and skins macerate together for a short time in order for some of the pigments from skin tint the still unfermented juice. When the winemaker decides there is enough color, he/she/they removes the skins and then ferments the now pink juice. Just like white wines, there is no fermentation on the skins. It should be added that many white wines are made with some amount of pre-fermentation skin contact, too, since the winemaker might want to extract some aromatic or structural elements from the skins. Since 'white' grapes don't have dark color, this extraction does not significantly change the color of the unfermented juice or must. A winemaker might decided that the rosé might be improved by blending some unfermented juice from white grapes to the must, or, perhaps, blend the fermented pink juice (now wine), with other fermented white juice, again, wine. Understand, the pink wine (rosé) is not red wine. It is made just like white wine - especially those white wines made by some pre-fermentation skin contact as described above. This blending is not at all a cheat. Some of the finest rosé wines are made that way, including the most expensive still rosé on the market, Gérard Bertrand's Clos du Temple, made from Grenache, Cinsault, Syrah, Mourvèdre, and Viognier, the latter being a white grape, retails for $190/bottle. A great number of far less expensive rosés are made similarly.
So, about the exception: sparkling rosé wine can be made by blending a little red wine into white. The reason for this might be chalked up to historical precedence as well problems getting red grapes properly ripe in the Champagne region of northern France, but also since most quality sparkling wine is made by a process of double fermentation. That is, a base, still wine is made that is then put into bottles with a little yeast and a little sugar, then sealed by using a crown cap (a soda bottle cap). The yeast consumes the sugar, creating the by-products of alcohol (not much, since there isn't much sugar) and carbon dioxide, which creates the bubbles. A good deal of this base wine is in fact made from red grapes like Pinot Noir and Pinot Meunier, which are pressed quickly with skins immediately removed, often blended with Chardonnay, in order to make white sparkling wine. However, it is permissible to add a quantity of still red wine (made by fermenting on the skins) to the white base wine, before it goes into bottles for secondary fermentation. Since fermentation will, in fact, be achieved now, without skin contact, the resulting bubbly rosé passes muster. Truth be told, no one cares about the rationalization, they just do it that way. The influence that the Champagne region has on the broader world of sparkling wines has meant that the practice of coloring the otherwise white base wine with red wine has spread to them, as well.
The prohibition against blending red and white wine for rosé, by the way, is pretty much a European thing. You can do it in the US, but I don't know any quality producers who do so. Surely, a lot of the cheap stuff is made that way, basically because the needs of production for huge volumes of wine that doesn't have to be all that good require flexibility.
By the way, it has become fashionable in the past decade or so (though the practice is thousands of years old), to ferment white grapes on their skins, too, essentially making a red wine from white grapes. Well, sort of. What do you get when you mix red with yellow (which is the actual color of most ripe white wine grapes)? Orange. Hence, what are called "orange" wines.